Dick Tracy (1990 film)

Dick Tracy

Theatrical release poster
Directed by Warren Beatty
Produced by Warren Beatty
Written by Chester Gould
Jim Cash
Jack Epps, Jr.
Starring Warren Beatty
Al Pacino
William Forsythe
Dustin Hoffman
Madonna
Glenne Headly
Charlie Korsmo
Music by Danny Elfman
Stephen Sondheim
Cinematography Vittorio Storaro
Editing by Richard Marks
Studio Touchstone Pictures
Silver Screen Partners IV
Mulholland Productions
Bandai USA
Distributed by Touchstone Pictures
Release date(s) June 15, 1990 (1990-06-15)
Running time 105 minutes
Country United States
Language English
Budget $47 million
Gross revenue $162,738,726

Dick Tracy is a 1990 American pulp crime-action film based on the 1930s comic strip character of the same name created by Chester Gould. Warren Beatty produced, directed, and starred in the film, which features supporting roles from Al Pacino, Madonna, Glenne Headly, and Charlie Korsmo. Dick Tracy depicts the detective's love relationships with Breathless Mahoney and Tess Truehart, as well as his conflicts with crime boss Alphonse "Big Boy" Caprice. Tracy also begins his upbringing of "The Kid".

Development of the film started in the early 1980s with Tom Mankiewicz assigned to write the script. The project also went through directors Steven Spielberg, John Landis, Walter Hill, and Richard Benjamin before the arrival of Beatty. Filming was entirely at Universal Studios. Danny Elfman was hired to compose the film score, and the music was featured on three separate soundtrack albums.

Dick Tracy was released in 1990 to mixed reviews, but was generally a success at the box office and at awards time. It picked up seven Academy Award nominations and won in three of the categories: Best Original Song, Best Makeup and Best Art Direction. A sequel was planned, but a controversy over the film rights ensued between Beatty and Tribune Media Services, and the lawsuit still goes on, so a second film has not been produced.

Contents

Plot

At an illegal card game, a young street urchin witnesses the massacre of mobsters Shoulders (Stig Eldrid), Stooge (Jim Wilkey), the Rodent (Neil Summers), the Brow (Chuck Hicks), and Little Face (Lawrence Steven Meyers) by Flattop (William Forsythe) and Itchy (Ed O'Ross), who are on the payroll of Alphonse "Big Boy" Caprice (Al Pacino). Caprice's crime syndicate is aggressively taking over small businesses in the city. Detective Dick Tracy (Warren Beatty) catches the urchin (who calls himself "Kid") in an act of petty theft. After rescuing him from a ruthless guardian, Tracy temporarily adopts him with the help of his girlfriend, Tess Truehart (Glenne Headly).

Meanwhile, Big Boy coerces club owner Lips Manlis (Paul Sorvino) into signing over the deed to Club Ritz. He then kills Lips by placing him in a cement-filled box and dropping it into the river while one of his men shoots an eavesdropping policeman. Big Boy also steals his girlfriend, the seductive and sultry singer Breathless Mahoney (Madonna) and takes her to spread the word that anyone who worked for Lips now works for him. After police find Lips' body, Tracy goes to arrest Big Boy for Lips' murder, but there is no useful physical evidence and Breathless is the only witness. Instead of providing testimony, she unsuccessfully attempts to seduce Tracy. Big Boy cannot be convicted and he is released from jail. Big Boy's next move is to try to bring other criminals Spud Spaldoni (James Caan), Pruneface (R. G. Armstrong), Influence (Henry Silva), Ribs Mocca (Robert Beecher), Mumbles (Dustin Hoffman), Texie Garcia (Catherine O'Hara), and Numbers (James Tolkan) together under his leadership while Dick Tracy overhears the meeting while staying out of view. Spaldoni refuses stating that he has his own business to run and meets an untimely demise that night when he falls victim to a car bomb upon leaving the meeting area. Having witnessed this meeting, Tracy tries again to get the testimony from Breathless he needs to put Big Boy away.

She agrees to testify only if Tracy agrees to give in to her advances. He resists, despite his growing attraction. Meanwhile, Big Boy has the detective kidnapped in order to try to bribe him, but the Kid, who has followed the detective and is watching, is deeply impressed when Tracy refuses to be corrupted and saves him when the gangsters attempt to kill him. To retaliate, Tracy leads a seemingly unsuccessful raid on Club Ritz, but one of his men plants a listening device with an operative named "Bug" Bailey (Michael J. Pollard) in the attic so the police can eavesdrop on Big Boy's criminal activities. The resultant raids all but wipe out Big Boy's criminal empire. Caprice discovers the microphone, sets up a trap to kill Tracy and the captured Bailey in a warehouse, but a figure with no face (known as "The Blank") steps out of the shadows to save them. Meanwhile, Breathless shows up at Tracy's apartment, once again in an attempt to seduce him. Tracy shows he is only human by allowing her to kiss him. Tess witnesses this and leaves town. She eventually has a change of heart. But before she can tell Tracy, she is kidnapped by The Blank. Tracy falls victim to another trap. He is drugged by The Blank and framed for the murder of corrupt District Attorney John Fletcher (Dick Van Dyke).

Big Boy is back in business, but he too is framed in this case for Tess' kidnapping. Sprung from jail by his colleagues on New Year's Eve, Tracy sets out to save his true love. He arrives at a shootout outside Big Boy's club where all of Big Boy's men are gunned down by the police. Abandoning his crew, Big Boy ties Tess to the mechanism of a drawbridge, but he is confronted by both the Blank and Tracy. Desperate to escape, he shoots the Blank. Enraged, Tracy punches Caprice and sends him falling to his death in the bridge gears. Beneath the faceless figure's mask, Tracy is shocked to find Breathless Mahoney, who kisses him and breathes her last breath as Tess calls for an ambulance. He then frees his girlfriend and his name is cleared from the murder of Fletcher. Later, in the middle of a marriage proposal to Tess, Tracy is interrupted by a robbery in progress, and takes off with the Kid, who now calls himself Dick Tracy, Jr.

Cast

Main characters

Law enforcement

The mob

Hamilton Camp appears as a store owner. Allen Garfield, John Schuck, and Charles Fleischer make cameos as reporters. Walker Edmiston, John Moschitta, Jr., and Neil Ross provide the voices of each radio announcer.

Development

Warren Beatty had a concept for a Dick Tracy film in 1975. At the time, the film rights were owned by Michael Laughlin, who gave up his option from Tribune Media Services after he was unsuccessful in pitching Dick Tracy to Hollywood studios. Floyd Mutrux and Art Linson purchased the film rights from the Tribune in 1977,[1] and, in 1980, United Artists became interested in financing/distributing Dick Tracy. Tom Mankiewicz was under negotiations to write the script, based on his previous success with Superman (1978) and Superman II (1980). The deal fell through when Chester Gould insisted on strict financial and artistic control.[2]

That same year, Mutrux and Linson eventually took the property to Paramount Pictures, who began developing screenplays, offered Steven Spielberg the director's position, and brought in Universal Pictures to co-finance. Universal put John Landis forward as a candidate for director, courted Clint Eastwood for the title role, and commissioned Jim Cash and Jack Epps, Jr. to write the screenplay. "Before we were brought on, there were several failed scripts at Universal," reflected Epps, "then it went dormant, but John Landis was interested in Dick Tracy, and he brought us in to write it."[3] Cash and Epps' simple orders from Landis were do write the script in a 1930s pulp magazine atmosphere and center it with Alphonse "Big Boy" Caprice as the primary villain. For research, Epps read every Dick Tracy comic strip from 1930 to 1957. The writers wrote two drafts for Landis; Max Allan Collins, then writer of the Dick Tracy comic strip, remembers reading one of them. "It was terrible. The only positive thing about it was a thirties setting and lots of great villains, but the story was paper-thin and it was uncomfortably campy."[3]

In addition to Beatty and Eastwood, other actors who were considered for the lead role included Harrison Ford, Richard Gere, Tom Selleck, and Mel Gibson.[4] Landis left Dick Tracy following the controversial on-set accident on Twilight Zone: The Movie (1983),[3] in which actor Vic Morrow was killed. Walter Hill then came on board to direct with Joel Silver as producer. Cash and Epps wrote another draft, and Hill approached Warren Beatty for the title role. Pre-production had progressed as far as set building, but the film was stalled when artistic control issues arose with Beatty, a fan of the Dick Tracy comic strip.[5] Hill wanted to make the film violent and realistic, while Beatty envisioned a stylized homage to the 1930s comic strip.[1] The actor also reportedly wanted $5 million plus fifteen percent of the box office gross, a deal which Universal refused to accept.[5]

Hill and Beatty left the film, which Paramount began developing as a lower-budget project with Richard Benjamin directing. Cash and Epps continued to rewrite the script, but Universal was unsatisfied. The film rights eventually reverted to Tribune Media Services in 1985. However, Beatty decided to option the Dick Tracy rights himself, along with the Cash/Epps script. When Jeffrey Katzenberg moved from Paramount to the Walt Disney Motion Pictures Group, Dick Tracy resurfaced with Beatty as director, producer and leading man.[5] He considered hiring Martin Scorsese to direct the film,[6] but changed his mind. "It never occurred to me to direct the movie," Beatty admitted, "but finally, like most of the movies that I direct, when the time comes to do it, I just do it because it's easier than going through what I'd have to go through to get somebody else to do it."[5]

Beatty's reputation for directorial profligacy—notably with the critically acclaimed Reds (1981), a $40 million box office failure—did not set well with Disney.[5] As a result, Beatty and Disney reached a contracted agreement whereby any budget overruns on Dick Tracy would be deducted from Beatty's fee as producer, director, and star.[7] Beatty and regular collaborator Bo Goldman significantly rewrote the dialogue but lost a Writers Guild arbitration and did not receive screen credit.[1]

Disney greenlighted Dick Tracy in 1988 under the condition that Warren Beatty keep the production budget within $25 million,[1] which began to rise once filming started. It quickly jumped to $30 million[8] and then $47 million as its final production budget. Disney spent an additional $54 million on the marketing campaign, resulting in a total of $101 million spent overall. The financing for Dick Tracy came from Disney's Touchstone Pictures and Silver Screen Partners, as well as Beatty's own production company, Mulholland Productions.[9]

Production

Casting

Although Al Pacino was Warren Beatty's first choice for the role of Alphonse "Big Boy" Caprice, Robert De Niro was under consideration.[10] Madonna, who was then in a relationship with Beatty, pursued the part of Breathless Mahoney, but offered to work for scale to avoid any appearance of nepotism. Her resulting paycheck for the film was just $35,000.[1] Sean Young claims she was forced out of the role of Tess Truehart (which eventually went to Glenne Headly) after rebuffing sexual advances from Beatty. In a 1989 statement, Beatty said, "I made a mistake casting Sean Young in the part and I felt very badly about it."[11]

Filming

Principal photography for Dick Tracy began on February 2, 1989.[12] The filmmakers considered shooting the film on-location in Chicago, Illinois, but production designer Richard Sylbert believed Dick Tracy would work better using sound stages and backlots[13] at Universal Studios in Universal City, California.[12] Other filming took place at Warner Bros. Studios in Burbank.[14] In total, 53 interior and 25 exterior sets were constructed. Beatty, being a perfectionist, often encompassed dozens of takes of every scene.[12]

As filming continued, Disney and Max Allan Collins conflicted over the novelization. The studio rejected his manuscript: "I wound up doing an eleventh hour rewrite that was more faithful to the screenplay, even while I made it much more consistent with the strip," Collins continued, "and fixed as many plot holes as I could."[12] Disney did not like this version either, but accepted based on Beatty's insistence to incorporate some of Collins' writing into the shooting script, which solved the plot hole concerns. Through post-production dubbing, some of Collins' dialogue was also incorporated into the film. Principal photography for Dick Tracy ended in May 1989.[12]

Design

Early in the development of Dick Tracy, Warren Beatty decided to make the film using a palette limited to just seven colors, primarily red, green, blue and yellow—to evoke the film's comic strip origins; furthermore each of the colors was to be exactly the same shade. Beatty's design team included production designer Richard Sylbert, set decorator Rick Simpson, cinematographer Vittorio Storaro, visual effects supervisors Michael Lloyd and Harrison Ellenshaw, prosthetic makeup designers John Caglione, Jr. and Doug Drexler, and costume designer Milena Canonero. Their main intention was to stay close to Chester Gould's original drawings from the 1930s. Other influences came from the Art Deco movement and German Expressionism.[15]

For Storaro, the limited color palette was the most challenging aspect of production. "These are not the kind of colors the audience is used to seeing," he noted. "These are much more dramatic in strength, in saturation. Comic strip art is usually done with very simple and primitive ideas and emotions," Storaro theorized. "One of the elements is that the story is usually told in vignette, so what we tried to do is never move the camera at all. Never. Try to make everything work into the frame."[4] For the matte paintings, Ellenshaw and Lloyd executed over 57 paintings on glass, which were then optically combined with the live action. For a brief sequence in which The Kid dashes in front of a speeding locomotive, only 150-foot (46 m) feet of real track was laid; the train itself was a 2-foot (0.61 m) scale model, and the surrounding train yard a matte painting.[13]

Caglione and Drexler were recommended for the prosthetic makeup designs by Canonero, with whom they had worked on The Cotton Club (1984). The rogues gallery makeup designs were directly taken from Gould's drawings,[16] with the exception of Al Pacino (Big Boy Caprice), who improvised his own designs, ignoring the rather overweight character of the strip.[13] His makeup took 3.5 hours to apply.[17]

Music

See also: I'm Breathless, Dick Tracy (orchestral score), Dick Tracy (soundtrack), and Dick Tracy (song)
"Directors don't know anything about music really, and if they do, it's not necessarily a help. Warren Beatty is a pianist and knows much more about music than almost any director, but when he and I started on Dick Tracy, communicating on a musical level was getting us nowhere because it is all so interpretive. We started having much more success when we started talking on a strictly gut level."
— Danny Elfman[18]

Warren Beatty hired Danny Elfman to compose/write the film score based on his previous success with Batman (1989). Elfman enlisted the help of Oingo Boingo lead guitarist Steve Bartek and Shirley Walker to arrange compositions for the orchestra. "In a completely different way," Elfman commented, "Dick Tracy has this unique quality that Batman had for me. It gives an incredible sense of non-reality."[19] In addition, Beatty hired acclaimed songwriter Stephen Sondheim to write five original songs: "Sooner or Later," "More," "Back in Business," "Live Alone and Like It," and "What Can You Lose?" "Sooner or Later" and "More" were performed by Madonna, with "What Can You Lose?" being a duet with Mandy Patinkin. Mel Tormé sang "Live Alone and Like It" as a disembodied voice-over. [20]

Dick Tracy is also the first film to use digital audio.[21] In a December 1990 interview with The New York Times, Elfman criticized the growing tendency to use digital technology for sound design and dubbing purposes. "I detest contemporary scoring and dubbing in cinema. Film music as an art took a deep plunge when Dolby stereo hit. Stereo has the capacity to make orchestral music sound big and beautiful and more expansive, but it also can make sound effects sound four times as big. That began the era of sound effects over music."[18]

Marketing

Disney modeled its marketing campaign after the 1989 success of Batman, which was based on high concept promotion. This included a McDonald's tie and a Warren Beatty interview conducted by Barbara Walters on 20/20. "I find the media's obsession with promotion and demographics upsetting," Beatty said. "I find all this anti-cultural." In attempting to market Dick Tracy to young children, Disney added a new Roger Rabbit cartoon short (Roller Coaster Rabbit) and made two specific television advertisements centered on The Kid (Charlie Korsmo). In total, Disney commissioned 28 TV advertisements.[1] Playmates Toys manufactured a line of 14 Dick Tracy figures.[22] In an interesting note, the Playmates figure of The Blank was not sold in the United States as the action figure's special feature included pulling off The Blank's face to reveal the character of Breathless Mahoney beneath the mask, thus revealing a major "spoiler" of the film's plot.

It was Madonna's idea to include the film as part of her Blond Ambition World Tour.[1] Prior to the June 1990 theatrical release, Disney had already featured Dick Tracy in musical theatre stage shows in both Disneyland and the Walt Disney World Resort, using Stephen Sondheim and Danny Elfman's music. The New York Times also wrote in June 1990 of Disney Stores "selling nothing but Tracy-related merchandise."[23] Max Allan Collins lobbied to write the film's novelization long before Disney had even greenlighted Dick Tracy in 1988. "I hated the idea that anyone else would write a Tracy novel," Collins explained. After much conflict with Disney,[4] leading to seven different printings of the novelization,[20] the book was released in May 1990, published by Bantam Books.[24] It sold almost one million copies prior to the film's release.[20] A graphic novel adaptation of the film was also released, written and illustrated by Kyle Baker.[21] Neither revealed the twist ending of the film.

Reruns of The Dick Tracy Show began airing to coincide with the release of the film, but syndicates in Los Angeles and New York pulled and edited the episodes when Asian and Hispanic groups protested that the characters Joe Jitsu and Go Go Gomez were offensive stereotypes.[25]

Reception

Release

Dick Tracy had its premiere at the Walt Disney World Resort in Orlando, Florida.[1] The film was released in the United States in 2,332 theaters on June 15, 1990, earning $22.54 million in its in opening weekend.[26] This was the third-highest opening weekend of 1990.[27] Dick Tracy eventually grossed $103.74 million in US totals and $59 million elsewhere, coming to a worldwide total of $162.74 million.[26] Dick Tracy was also the ninth-highest grossing film of America in 1990,[27] and number twelve in worldwide totals.[28]

Although Disney was impressed by the opening weekend gross,[20] studio chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg expressed disappointment. He suggested that Dick Tracy had cost about $100 million in total to produce, market and promote. "We made demands on our time, talent and treasury that, upon reflection, may not have been worth it," Katzenberg reported.[29] Disney, in particular, was expecting the film to earn match the previous year's success with Batman (1989).[20] By 1997, Dick Tracy had made an additional $60.61 million in rental figures.[30]

Critical analysis

The film received generally mixed to positive reception. Based on 38 reviews collected by Rotten Tomatoes, 65% of the critics enjoyed Dick Tracy. The consensus reads: "Dick Tracy is stylish, unique, and an undeniable technical triumph, but it ultimately struggles to rise above its two-dimensional artificiality."[31] Roger Ebert believed Warren Beatty created a perfect tone of nostalgia for the film. Ebert mostly praised the matte paintings, art direction and prosthetic makeup design. "Dick Tracy is one of the most original and visionary fantasies I've seen on a screen," he wrote.[32]

Vincent Canby of The New York Times reviewed: "Dick Tracy has just about everything required of an extravaganza: a smashing cast, some great Stephen Sondheim songs, all of the technical wizardry that money can buy, and a screenplay that observes the fine line separating true comedy from lesser camp."[33] Owen Gleiberman from Entertainment Weekly gave a mixed review, but was impressed by Madonna's performance. "Dick Tracy is an honest effort but finally a bit of a folly. It could have used a little less color and a little more flesh and blood," Gleiberman concluded.[34]

In his heavily negative review for The Washington Post, Desson Thomson criticized Disney's hyped marketing campaign, and the the film in general. "Dick Tracy is Hollywood's annual celebration of everything that's wrong with Hollywood," he stated.[35] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone magazine cited that Warren Beatty, at 52 years old, was too old for the part. He also found similarities with Batman (1989), in which both films involve "a loner hero, a grotesque villain, a blond bombshell, a marketable pop soundtrack and a no-mercy merchandising campaign," Travers continued. "But Batman possesses something else: a psychological depth that gives the audience a stake in the characters. Tracy sticks to its eye-poppingly brilliant surface. Though the film is a visual knockout, it's emotionally impoverished."[36]

Although Max Allan Collins (then a Dick Tracy comic-strip writer) had conflicts with Disney concerning the novelization, he gave a positive review for the finished film. He praised Beatty for hiring an elaborate design team and his decision to mimic the strip's limited color palette. Collins also enjoyed Beatty's performance, both the prosthetic makeup and characterization of the rogues gallery, as well as the Stephen Sondheim music. However, he believed the filmmakers still sacrificed the storyline in favor of the visual design.[21]

Accolades

At the 63rd Academy Awards, production designer Richard Sylbert and set decorator Rick Simpson won Best Art Direction, while John Caglione, Jr. and Doug Drexler won Best Makeup. Stephen Sondheim was also awarded with Best Original Song for "Sooner or Later", which Madonna sang live at the awards ceremony. Dick Tracy, with three Oscars, is the comic book film with the most wins, followed by The Dark Knight (2008) with two. Nominations included Al Pacino for Best Supporting Actor, Vittorio Storaro (Cinematography), Milena Canonero (Costume Design), and the sound designers (Sound).[37] Storaro was also honored for his work by both the American Society of Cinematographers and British Society of Cinematographers.[38][39]

The British Academy of Film and Television Arts gave awards to Sylbert, Caglione and Drexler at the 44th British Academy Film Awards. Pacino, Canonero, editor Richard Marks, and both the sound design and visual effects departments received nominations.[40] At the 48th Golden Globe Awards, Pacino and Sondheim (for both "Sooner of Later and "What Can You Lose") were nominated for their work, while Dick Tracy lost the Best Motion Picture (Musical or Comedy) to Green Card (1990)[41] and the Saturn Award for Best Fantasy Film to Ghost (1990). Cagilione and Drexler ended up winning Best Make-up, while Warren Beatty (Best Actor), Madonna (Best Actress), Pacino (Supporting Actor), and Charlie Korsmo (Performance by a Younger Actor) received nominations. Canonero was also nominated once more for her costume design.[42] Film score composer Danny Elfman and Sondheim ("More") received individual nominations at the Grammy Awards.[43]

Home media release

The film was first released on DVD in Europe in 2000, but domestic release in the US was delayed until April 2, 2002, and without any special features. Rumors circulated over the web shortly after the US DVD release that Warren Beatty had planned to release a director's cut under Disney's "Vista Series" label; including at least ten extra minutes of footage. As of 2010, it is unknown whether or not the film will get a special edition, let alone a Blu-ray release.

Sequel

Disney had hoped Dick Tracy would carry a vein similar to the Indiana Jones franchise, but the studio expressed box office disappointment and halted their plans.[9] In addition, executive producers Art Linson and Floyd Mutrux sued Beatty shortly after the release of the film, alleging that they were owed profit participation from the film.[21]

Beatty purchased the Dick Tracy film and television rights in 1985 from Tribune Media Services.[44] He then took the property to the Walt Disney Motion Pictures Group, who optioned the rights in 1988. According to Beatty, in 2002, the Tribune attempted to reclaim the rights and notified Disney — but not through the process outlined in the 1985 agreement.[45] Beatty, who commented he had "a very good idea"[46] for a sequel, believed the Tribune violated various notification procedures that "clouded the title"[46] to the rights and made it "commercially impossible" for him to produce a sequel.[46] He approached the Tribune in 2004 to settle the situation, but the company said they had met the conditions to get back the rights.[44]

Disney, which had no intention of producing a sequel, rejected Tribune's claim and gave Beatty back most of the rights in May 2005.[47] That same month, Beatty filed a lawsuit in the Los Angeles, California Superior Court seeking $30 million in damages against the Tribune and a declaration over the rights. Bertram Fields, Beatty's lawyer, said the original 1985 agreement with the Tribune was negotiated specifically to allow Beatty a chance to make another Dick Tracy film. "It was very carefully done and they just ignored it," he stated. "The Tribune is a big, powerful company and they think they can just run roughshod over people. They picked the wrong guy."[46]

The Tribune believed the situation would be settled quickly[48] and was confident enough to begin developing a Dick Tracy live action television series with Lorenzo di Bonaventura, Robert Newmyer and Outlaw Productions. The TV show was to have a contemporary setting, comparable to Smallville, and Di Bonaventura commented that if the TV show was successful, a feature film would likely follow.[44] However, a August 2005 ruling by federal judge Dean D. Pregerson cleared the way for Beatty to sue the Tribune.[47] The April 2006 hearing ended without a ruling,[49] but in July 2006, a Los Angeles judge ruled that the case can go to trial; Tribune's request to end the suit in their favor was rejected.[50] The legal battle between Beatty and the Tribune continued to ensue.[51]

By March 2009, the Tribune was in Chapter 11 bankruptcy and lawyers for the company began to declare their ownership of television and film rights to Dick Tracy. "Mr. Beatty's conduct and wrongful claims have effectively locked away certain motion picture and television rights to the Dick Tracy property," lawyers for Tribune wrote in a filing.[51] Fields responded that it was "a nuisance lawsuit by a bankrupt company and they should be ashamed of themselves."[51]

While there has not been any sequels in either television or motion picture form, there has been sequels in novel form. Shortly after the release of the 1990 film, Max Allan Collins wrote Dick Tracy Goes To War. The story is set after the opening of World War II and involves Dick Tracy's enlistment into the U.S. Navy, working for their Military Intelligence Division (as he did in the comic strip). In the story, Nazi sabotouers Black Pearl and Mrs. Pruneface (Pruneface's widow) set up a sabotage/espionage operation out of Caprice's old headquarters in the Club Ritz. For their activities, they recruit B.B. Eyes, The Mole, and Shakey. Their reign of terror, culminating in an attempt to bomb a weapons plant, is averted by Tracy. A year after "War" was released, Collins wrote a third novel entitled Dick Tracy Meets His Match, in which Dick Tracy finally follows through in his marriage proposal to Tess Trueheart.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 David Ansen; Pamela Abramson (1990-06-25). "Tracymania". Newsweek. http://www.newsweek.com/id/127653. Retrieved 2009-04-20. 
  2. ↑ Daniel Dickholtz (December 1998). "Steel Dreams: Interview With Tom Mankiewicz". Starlog: pp. 53–57. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Hughes, pp. 51
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Hughes, pp. 53-54
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Hughes, pp. 52
  6. ↑ Staff (July 1985). "Martin Scorsese to direct Dick Tracy". The Comics Journal: pp. 20–22. 
  7. ↑ Staff (July 1990). "Big Shot". Empire. 
  8. ↑ John Greenwald; Richard Natale; Janice C. Simpson (1990-05-21). "Shooting The Works Lights! Camera! Money!". Time. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,970168,00.html. Retrieved 2009-04-20. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Stewart, pp. 111-115
  10. ↑ David S. Cohen (2007-06-06). "Al Pacino tackles each role like a novice". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117966394. Retrieved 2009-04-20. 
  11. ↑ Lew Irwin (2004-07-22). "Young Slams Lecherous Beatty". Internet Movie Database. http://www.imdb.com/news/wenn/2004-07-22#celeb9. Retrieved 2009-04-20. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 Hughes, pp. 55
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Staff (1990-06-15). "Strip Show: The Comic Book Look of Dick Tracy". Entertainment Weekly. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,317599,00.html. Retrieved 2009-04-21. 
  14. ↑ Larry Richter (1990-08-13). "A Soviet Film Re-creates History, But It Makes History in Hollywood". The New York Times. 
  15. ↑ Kathleen Beckett-Young (1990-06-10). "The Movie's Creators Used the Strip To Tease". The New York Times. 
  16. ↑ Anne Thompson (1990-07-06). "Making up is hard to do". Entertainment Weekly. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,317682,00.html. Retrieved 2009-04-21. 
  17. ↑ Richard Corliss'; Elizabeth L. Bland (1990-06-18). "Extra!". Time. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,970390,00.html. Retrieved 2009-04-20. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Larry Richter (1990-12-09). "Batman? Bartman? Darkman? Elfman". The New York Times. 
  19. ↑ Staff (1990-02-23). "The Elfman Cometh". Entertainment Weekly. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,316794,00.html. Retrieved 2009-04-20. 
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 Hughes, pp. 56-58
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 Hughes, pp.59-60
  22. ↑ Carol Lawson (1990-02-15). "Magic and Money: Show and Sell at Toy Fair". The New York Times. 
  23. ↑ Richard W. Stevenson (1990-06-22). "A Real Blockbuster, Or Merely a Smash?". The New York Times. 
  24. ↑ "Dick Tracy (Mass Market Paperback)". Amazon.com. http://www.amazon.com/Dick-Tracy-Max-Allan-Collins/dp/0553285289. Retrieved 2009-04-20. 
  25. ↑ Benjamin Svetkey (1990-07-27). "News & Notes". Entertainment Weekly. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,317818,00.html. Retrieved 2007-12-19. 
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 "Dick Tracy". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=dicktracy.htm. Retrieved 2009-04-20. 
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 "1990 Domestic Grosses". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?yr=1990&p=.htm. Retrieved 2009-04-20. 
  28. ↑ "1990 Worldwide Grosses". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?view2=worldwide&yr=1990&p=.htm. Retrieved 2009-04-20. 
  29. ↑ Larry Richter (1991-02-02). "Hollywood Abuzz Over Cost Memo". The New York Times. 
  30. ↑ Staff (1997-12-16). "Rental champs: Rate of return". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1116680329. Retrieved 2009-04-20. 
  31. ↑ "Dick Tracy". Rotten Tomatoes. http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1029314-dick_tracy/. Retrieved 2010-04-29. 
  32. ↑ Roger Ebert (1990-06-15). "Dick Tracy". Chicago Sun-Times. http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/19900615/REVIEWS/6150301/1023. Retrieved 2009-04-23. 
  33. ↑ Vincent Canby (1990-06-15). "A Cartoon Square Comes to Life In 'Dick Tracy'". The New York Times. 
  34. ↑ Owen Gleiberman (1994-06-15). "Movie Review: Dick Tracy". Entertainment Weekly. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,317575,00.html. Retrieved 2009-04-23. 
  35. ↑ Desson Thomson (1990-06-15). "Dick Tracy". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/dicktracypghowe_a0b285.htm. Retrieved 2009-04-23. 
  36. ↑ Peter Travers (1990-07-12). "Dick Tracy". Rolling Stone. 
  37. ↑ "1990 (63) Academy Awards". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. http://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/ampas_awards/DisplayMain.jsp?curTime=1240865340508. Retrieved 2009-04-27. 
  38. ↑ "Storaro focus of ASC honor" (Fee required). Hollywood Reporter. September 28, 2000. http://login.vnuemedia.com/hr/google/login_subscribe.jsp?id=GRDpIQKLSkwdwjzEOzAruaPil51%2BAr0xVpQmj7eR88Od7rles3%2BUs6waIQpLargO64JPAwIIgE6j%0AztWLeVlP51IppAnDjwzWj62PA1uwC4%2BujQ5crl96cdylAu040QEScgS43nXpZAqOgZUjpVRh62mG%0Ar9L0Dha943%2Bax09d%2B9J6jwpUSiodN5imtcdTcCuXIYjUPxJag2kncmVWanteyTdJ%2BquM1dNA9LbX%0AsdzAPmQ%3D. Retrieved 2010-04-29. 
  39. ↑ "Movies" (Fee required). Rocky Mountain News. August 17, 1990. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=RM&p_theme=rm&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB4D644D9D778C2&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM. Retrieved 2010-04-29. 
  40. ↑ "Dick Tracy". British Academy of Film and Television Arts. http://www.bafta.org/awards-database.html?year=1990&category=Film&award=false. Retrieved 2010-04-29. 
  41. ↑ "Dick Tracy". Hollywood Foreign Press Association. http://www.goldenglobes.org/browse/film/23953. Retrieved 2009-04-27. 
  42. ↑ "Past Saturn Awards". Saturn Awards.org. http://www.saturnawards.org/past.html. Retrieved 2008-05-07. 
  43. ↑ "A List of Nominations for the 33rd Annual Grammy Awards" (Fee required). Philadelphia Inquirer. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=PI&s_site=philly&p_multi=PI&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB2A17631B9D021&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM. Retrieved 2010-04-29. 
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 44.2 Michael Fleming (2005-05-16). "Outlaw, Tribune team for Tracy". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117922981. Retrieved 2009-04-27. 
  45. ↑ Lew Irwin (2005-08-12). "Beatty Wins First Round in 'Dick Tracy' Battle". Internet Movie Database. http://www.imdb.com/news/wenn/2005-08-12#celeb2. Retrieved 2009-04-27. 
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 46.2 46.3 Staff (2005-05-17). "Warren Beatty sues Tribune over Dick Tracy". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2005-05-17-beatty-sues_x.htm?POE=LIFISVA. Retrieved 2009-04-27. 
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 David S. Cohen (2005-08-10). "'Tracy' star makes case". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117927333. Retrieved 2009-04-27. 
  48. ↑ Michael Fleming (2005-05-22). "Tracy walks; Beatty balks". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117923299. Retrieved 2009-04-27. 
  49. ↑ Staff (2006-04-04). "No Ruling in Beatty Lawsuit over Dick Tracy Rights". Fox News. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,190507,00.html. Retrieved 2009-04-27. 
  50. ↑ Stax (2006-07-19). "Beatty Still Following Dick". IGN. http://movies.ign.com/articles/719/719642p1.html. Retrieved 2009-04-27. 
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 51.2 Associated Press (2009-03-21). "Tribune Company Tries To Secure Rights To Dick Tracy". The New York Times. 

Further reading

External links

Dick Tracy
Contributors
Max Allan Collins • Chester Gould • Alfred J. Gross • Mike Kilian • Dick Locher • Chief Yellow Horse
Supporting characters
Alphonse "Big Boy" Caprice • Cheater Gunsmoke • The Claw • Flattop • Moon Maid • Oodles • Pruneface • Villain debuts
Film serials
Dick Tracy (1937) • Dick Tracy Returns (1938) • Dick Tracy's G-Men (1939) • Dick Tracy vs. Crime, Inc. (1941)
Feature films
Dick Tracy (1945) • Dick Tracy vs. Cueball (1946) • Dick Tracy's Dilemma (1947) • Dick Tracy Meets Gruesome (1947) • Dick Tracy (1990)
Television series
The Dick Tracy Show • Archie's TV Funnies
Actors
Ralph Byrd • Morgan Conway • Everett Sloane (voice) • Ray MacDonnell • Warren Beatty
Other media
Dick Tracy (radio series) • Dick Tracy (orchestral score) • "Dick Tracy" (song) • Dick Tracy (soundtrack) • I'm Breathless • "Sooner or Later" • Dick Tracy (video game)
Films directed by Warren Beatty
1970s
Heaven Can Wait (1978)
1980s
Reds (1981)
1990s
Dick Tracy (1990) · Bulworth (1998)
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